Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)

Catalog No.S3003 Batch:S300304

Technical Data

Formula	C₂₀H₃₂O₅
Molecular Weight	352.47	CAS No.	363-24-6
Solubility (25°C)*	In vitro	DMSO	70 mg/mL (198.59 mM)
		Ethanol	70 mg/mL (198.59 mM)
		Water	Insoluble
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

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Biological Activity

Description	Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, Dinoprostone) plays important effects in labour (softens cervix and causes uterine contraction) and also stimulates osteoblasts to release factors that stimulate bone resorption by osteoclasts.
In vitro	PGE2 acts via EP4 receptors on osteoclasts during the progression of OA and OA-related pain.^[1]
In vivo	PGE2 (0.3 μg/k, i.p.) significantly reduces the number of peritoneab macrophages undergoing phagocytosis of the methacrybate microbeads in rats.

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:^{^[1]}	Cell lines Mice osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) Concentrations 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 nM Incubation Time 18 h Method When BMMs differentiated into mature osteoclasts, a TRAP staining kit is used to stain mature osteoclasts according to the manufacturer s instructions, and TRAP-positive osteoclasts with 5 or more nuclei are counted. For BMM migration, BMMs (1×10⁴ cells per well) are seeded in the upper chamber of the Transwell inserts with or without inhibitors and antagonists. PGE2 is added in lower chamber. The culture medium is the same between the upper chamber and lower chamber in the Transwell. After 18 h, the cells are fixed with 4% PFA and stained with crystal violet. The cells on the bottom of the Transwell insert are used to assess migration. At least five fields of view per insert are photographed, and migrated cells are counted.
Animal Study:^{^[1]}	Animal Models Male Sprague Dawley rats Dosages 0.3 µg/kg Administration i.p.

Cell Assay:^{^[1]}

Cell lines
Mice osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs)
Concentrations
1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 nM
Incubation Time
18 h
Method
When BMMs differentiated into mature osteoclasts, a TRAP staining kit is used to stain mature osteoclasts according to the manufacturer s instructions, and TRAP-positive osteoclasts with 5 or more nuclei are counted. For BMM migration, BMMs (1×10⁴ cells per well) are seeded in the upper chamber of the Transwell inserts with or without inhibitors and antagonists. PGE2 is added in lower chamber. The culture medium is the same between the upper chamber and lower chamber in the Transwell. After 18 h, the cells are fixed with 4% PFA and stained with crystal violet. The cells on the bottom of the Transwell insert are used to assess migration. At least five fields of view per insert are photographed, and migrated cells are counted.

Animal Study:^{^[1]}

Animal Models
Male Sprague Dawley rats
Dosages
0.3 µg/kg
Administration
i.p.

References

[1] Fernandez-Repollet E, et al. J Histochem Cytochem. 1982 May;30(5):466-70.

Selleck's Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been cited by 19 publications

Anti-angiogenic therapy using the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor Regorafenib enhances tumor progression in a transgenic mouse model of ß-cell carcinogenesis [ Br J Cancer, 2023, 10.1038/s41416-023-02389-6]	PubMed: 37620408
Anti-angiogenic therapy using the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor Regorafenib enhances tumor progression in a transgenic mouse model of ß-cell carcinogenesis [ Br J Cancer, 2023, 129(8):1225-1237]	PubMed: 37620408
Stabilization of E-cadherin adhesions by COX-2/GSK3β signaling is a targetable pathway in metastatic breast cancer [ JCI Insight, 2023, 8(6)e156057]	PubMed: 36757813
The cyclooxygenase-expressing mesenchyme resists intestinal epithelial injury by paracrine signaling [ Cell Regen, 2023, 12(1):30]	PubMed: 37574502
The cyclooxygenase-expressing mesenchyme resists intestinal epithelial injury by paracrine signaling [ Cell Regen, 2023, 12(1):30]	PubMed: 37574502
PGE2 activates EP4 in subchondral bone osteoclasts to regulate osteoarthritis [ Bone Res, 2022, 10(1):27]	PubMed: 35260562
Macrophages evoke autophagy of hepatic stellate cells to promote liver fibrosis in NAFLD mice via the PGE2/EP4 pathway [ Cell Mol Life Sci, 2022, 79(6):303]	PubMed: 35588334
CD96 Downregulation Promotes the Immune Response of CD4 T Cells and Associates with Ankylosing Spondylitis [ Biomed Res Int, 2022, 2022:3946754]	PubMed: 35769669
Cross-species single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals divergence of cell composition and functions in mammalian ileum epithelium [ Cell Regen, 2022, 11(1):19]	PubMed: 35511361
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 enhanced intestinal epithelial homeostasis via suppressing β-catenin signalling pathway in experimental liver fibrosis [ J Cell Mol Med, 2021, 10.1111/jcmm.16730]	PubMed: 34145945

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