Home DNA Damage/DNA Repair DNA Methyltransferase inhibitor - Nucleoside Analog/Antimetabolite chemical - Autophagy activator Azacitidine (5-Azacytidine) For research use only.

Azacitidine (5-Azacytidine)

Synonyms: 5-AzaC,Ladakamycin, AZA,5-Aza, CC-486,NSC 102816,5-Azacytidine

Azacitidine (5-Azacytidine, 5-AzaC, Ladakamycin, AZA, 5-Aza, CC-486,NSC 102816) is a nucleoside analogue of cytidine that specifically inhibits DNA methylation by trapping DNA methyltransferases. Azacitidine induces mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy.

Azacitidine (5-Azacytidine) Chemical Structure

Azacitidine (5-Azacytidine) Chemical Structure

CAS: 320-67-2

Selleck's Azacitidine (5-Azacytidine) has been cited by 108 publications

Purity & Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.92%
99.92

Products often used together with Azacitidine (5-Azacytidine)

Venetoclax (ABT-199)

Azacitidine and Venetoclax combination treatment significantly reduces oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) levels in leukemia cells isolated from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient.

Pollyea DA, et al. Nat Med. 2018 Dec;24(12):1859-1866.

Decitabine

Azacitidine and Decitabine induce demethylation in sequence elements during genome rearrangements, leading to increased repetitive elements in exconjugant cells.

Bracht JR, et al. Genome Biol. 2012 Oct 17;13(10):R99.

Linifanib (ABT-869)

A cocktail consisting of Azacitidine and Linifanib can turn fibroblasts into epithelial-like cells and activate OCT4.

Abbey D, et al. Cell Regen. 2022 Aug 3;11(1):27.

UNC0379

Azacitidine inhibits cell growth in PC9/ER and HCC827/ER cells, while UNC0379 has no significant effect on cell growth in these two cell lines.

Wang L, et al. Cell Death Dis. 2018 Jan 26;9(2):129.

Related compound libraries

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Cell Data

Cell Lines Assay Type Concentration Incubation Time Formulation Activity Description PMID
Raji  Growth Inhibition Assay 0.1-50 μM 12-72 h inhibits cell growth in a dose dependent manner 26133246
Jurkat  Growth Inhibition Assay 0.1-50 μM 12-72 h inhibits cell growth in a dose dependent manner 26133246
CA46 Function Assay 20 µM 48 h increases PTPL1 mRNA expression 26133246
Raji  Function Assay 15 µM 48 h increases PTPL1 mRNA expression 26133246
Jurkat  Function Assay 3.5 µM 48 h increases PTPL1 mRNA expression 26133246
MDA-MB-231 Function Assay 1/2.5/5 μM 48 h decreases the PTPN12 expression at the concerntration of 5 μM 48 h 25817229
MDA-MB-231 Function Assay 1/2.5/5 μM 48 h increases the levels of E-cadherin mRNA at the concerntration of 2.5 μMfor 48 h 25817229
MDA-MB-231 Function Assay 1/2.5/5 μM 24/48 h induces significant PARP cleavage after 48 h 25817229
MCF-7 Function Assay 1/2.5/5 μM 24/48 h increases PARP cleavage  25817229
MDA-MB-231  Function Assay 1/2.5/5 μM 24/48 h increases the expression of miRNA-124 at the concerntration of 5 μM 25817229
A498 Function Assay 10 µM 72 h induces the ADAMTS18 gene expression 25569086
CaKI-2 Function Assay 10 µM 72 h induces the ADAMTS18 gene expression 25569086
Ketr-3 Function Assay 10 µM 72 h induces the ADAMTS18 gene expression 25569086
A253 Function Assay 10 µM 0-4 d increases the mRNA expression level of the M3R after 24 h 25485536
A253 Function Assay 10 µM 72 h increases the expression level of the M3R in both membrane and cytosolic preparations 25485536
A253 Function Assay 10 µM 0-4 d reduces the 5-methylcytosine content 25485536
PC3 Function Assay 0.2 μM  4 d increases the gene expression of IGFBP7, SFRP1 and SLC6A15 combined with GSK126 25477340
MCF7 Function Assay 0.3 μM  4 d increases the gene expression of IGFBP7, SFRP1 and SLC6A15 combined with GSK126 25477340
PC3 Growth Inhibition Assay 0.2 μM  4 d decreases the cell growth to 20.3% combined with GSK126 25477340
MCF7 Growth Inhibition Assay 0.3 μM  4 d decreases the cell growth 24.8% combined with GSK126 25477340
BGC-823 Function Assay 5 μM 72 h decreases the PRL-3 protein level signifcantly 25475733
MKN28 Function Assay 5 μM 72 h decreases the PRL-3 protein level signifcantly 25475733
SGC-7901 Function Assay 5 μM 72 h decreases the PRL-3 protein level signifcantly 25475733
MKN45 Function Assay 5 μM 72 h decreases the PRL-3 protein level signifcantly 25475733
BGC-823 Function Assay 5 μM 72 h decreases the mRNA expression of PRL-3 significantly 25475733
MKN28 Function Assay 5 μM 72 h decreases the mRNA expression of PRL-3 significantly 25475733
SGC-7901 Function Assay 5 μM 72 h decreases the mRNA expression of PRL-3 significantly 25475733
MKN45 Function Assay 5 μM 72 h decreases the mRNA expression of PRL-3 significantly 25475733
HREC Function Assay 5/10 μM 48 h induces PEDF in a dose-dependent manner 25352747
HRPE Function Assay 5/10 μM 48 h induces PEDF in a dose-dependent manner 25352747
HREC Function Assay 5/10 μM 48 h down-regulates of VEGF, ICAM-1 (not protein level in HRPE cells), IL-1β dose-dependently 25352747
HRPE Function Assay 5/10 μM 48 h down-regulates of VEGF, IL-1β, and MMP2 dose-dependently 25352747
MSCs Function Assay 10 μM 24 h promotes the commitment of MSCs to myocardial differentiation 25351395
HL-60 Function Assay 5 μM 72 h DMSO significantly upregulates ZNF382 expression 25319049
MV4-11 Function Assay 5 μM 72 h DMSO significantly upregulates ZNF382 expression 25319049
A2780 Function Assay 5 µM  7 d increases DNA methylation level 25299694
CP70 Function Assay 5 µM  7 d increases DNA methylation level 25299694
A2780 Function Assay 5 µM  7 d weakens the level of methylation 25299694
CP70 Function Assay 5 µM  7 d weakens the level of methylation 25299694
OCM3 Growth Inhibition Assay 0.5/1/2 μM 7 d DMSO inhibits cell growth in a dose dependent manner 25146981
92.1 Growth Inhibition Assay 0.5/1/2 μM 7 d DMSO inhibits cell growth in a dose dependent manner 25146981
OCM1 Growth Inhibition Assay 0.5/1/2 μM 7 d DMSO inhibits cell growth in a dose dependent manner 25146981
OMM1 Growth Inhibition Assay 0.5/1/2 μM 7 d DMSO inhibits cell growth in a dose dependent manner 25146981
Mel 285 Growth Inhibition Assay 0.5/1/2 μM 7 d DMSO inhibits cell growth in a dose dependent manner 25146981
Mel 290 Growth Inhibition Assay 0.5/1/2 μM 7 d DMSO inhibits cell growth in a dose dependent manner 25146981
OCM3 Function Assay 0.5/1 μM 48 h DMSO decreases clonogenicity dose-dependently 25146981
92.1 Function Assay 0.5/1 μM 48 h DMSO decreases clonogenicity dose-dependently 25146981
OCM1 Function Assay 0.5/1 μM 48 h DMSO decreases clonogenicity dose-dependently 25146981
OMM1 Function Assay 0.5/1 μM 48 h DMSO decreases clonogenicity dose-dependently 25146981
Mel 285 Function Assay 0.5/1 μM 48 h DMSO decreases clonogenicity dose-dependently 25146981
Mel 290 Function Assay 0.5/1 μM 48 h DMSO decreases clonogenicity dose-dependently 25146981
OCM3 Function Assay 0.5/1 μM 48 h DMSO decreases invasion dose dependently  25146981
Mel 290 Function Assay 0.5/1 μM 48 h DMSO decreases invasion dose dependently  25146981
OMM1 Function Assay 0.5/1 μM 48 h DMSO decreases invasion dose dependently  25146981
OCM1 Cell Viability Assay 0.5/1 μM 5 d DMSO decreases radiation-induced cell viability inhibition 25146981
92.1 Cell Viability Assay 0.5/1 μM 5 d DMSO decreases radiation-induced cell viability inhibition 25146981
OCM1 Function Assay 0.5/1 μM 48 h DMSO causes global DNA hypomethylation at L-1 repeat loci 25146981
OCM3 Function Assay 0.5/1 μM 48 h DMSO causes global DNA hypomethylation at L-1 repeat loci 25146981
92.1 Function Assay 0.5/1 μM 48 h DMSO causes global DNA hypomethylation at L-1 repeat loci 25146981
IMR32 Function Assay 3 μM 72 h DMSO induces p19-INK4d expression significantly 25104850
IMR5-75 Function Assay 3 μM 72 h DMSO induces p19-INK4d expression significantly 25104850
Be(2)-C Function Assay 3 μM 72 h DMSO induces p19-INK4d expression significantly 25104850
Bxpc-3 Growth Inhibition Assay 5/10 μM 24/48/72 h inhibits the proliferation of Bxpc-3 cells in time- and concentration-dependent manners 25061731
Bxpc-3 Apoptosis Assay 5/10 μM 24/48/72 h induces apoptosis in time- and concerntration manners 25061731
Bxpc-3 Function Assay 5/10 μM 24/48/72 h decreases β-catenin expression after 24 h 25061731
Bxpc-3 Function Assay 5/10 μM 24/48/72 h decreases cyclinD1 expression at the concerntration of 10 μM 25061731
Bxpc-3 Function Assay 5/10 μM 24/48/72 h down-regulateS c-myc mRNA expression in time- and concentration-dependent manners 25061731
HL-60 Growth Inhibition Assay 1.0 μM 48 h significantly inhibits HL-60 cell growth  25051119
HL-60 Function Assay 1.0 μM 48 h increases p21WAF1/CIP1 and caspase-3 expression  25051119
HL-60 Function Assay 1.0 μM 48 h decreases Bcl-xL expression significantly 25051119
HuTu-80  Function Assay 1/5/10 μM 48/72 h increases the expression of human NPC1L1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner 24904062
Caco2  Function Assay 10 μM 48 h increases NPC1L1 expression 24904062
HepG2  Function Assay 0-25 μM 24 h decreases subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) protein levels dose dependently 24855646
HepG2  Function Assay 0-25 μM 24 h increases low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene expression  24855646
HepG2  Function Assay 10 μm  0-24 h decreases PCSK9 and HMGCR expression and increases LDLR expression after 6 h 24855646
HepG2  Function Assay 10 μm 24 h promotes cytosolic neutral lipid accumulation independently of exogenous lipoproteins 24855646
HepG2  Function Assay 10 μm 24 h prevents SREBP processing 24855646
HC45  Function Assay 5µM  4 d reduces the methylation levels of WIF1, P16, CXCL14, NKX2–3, CDH1, LAMA1, and CTNNB1 24762809
CNDT2  Function Assay 5µM  4 d reduces the methylation levels of WIF1, P16, CXCL14, NKX2–3, CDH1, LAMA1, and CTNNB1 24762809
CNDT2  Function Assay 5µM  4 d increases gene expression of WIF1, P16, CDH1, LAMA1, and CTNNB1 24762809
T-cells Growth Inhibition Assay 5/20 μM 0-48 h inhibits cell growth in a dose dependent manner 24757283
CD3+ T-cells Function Assay 5/20 μM 48 h upregulates p15 expression 24757283
CD4+ T-cells Function Assay 5/20 μM 48 h upregulates p15 expression 24757283
CD8+ T-cells Function Assay 5/20 μM 48 h upregulates p15 expression 24757283
CD3+ T-cells Function Assay 5/20 μM 48 h upregulates the expression of FOXP3 24757283
CD4+ T-cells Function Assay 5/20 μM 48 h upregulates the expression of FOXP3 24757283
CD4+ T-cells Function Assay 5/20 μM 48 h reduces TBET1 mRNA expression 24757283
CD4+ T-cells Function Assay 5/20 μM 48 h upregulates the expression of RORγt  24757283
CD4+ T-cells Function Assay 5/20 μM 48 h inhibits memory T-cells 24757283
CD8+ T-cells Function Assay 5/20 μM 48 h inhibits memory T-cells 24757283
CD3+ T-cells Function Assay 5 μM 48 h reduces long-term memory cell phenotype 24757283
U937 Apoptosis Assay 10 μM 72 h induces apoptosis significantly 24680865
HL-60 Apoptosis Assay 10 μM 72 h induces apoptosis significantly 24680865
MCF7 Function Assay 5 μM 48 h  displays selective toxicity toward suspended MCF-7 cells 24633350
MCF7 Function Assay 10 μM 24 h  induces the cleavage of caspase 7 and PARP  24633350
MCF7 Function Assay 0–0.5 μM  7 d inhibits the growth MCF-7 tumorspheres in suspension cultures  24633350
MCF7 Function Assay 0.5 μM  14 d reduces the size of MCF-7 colonies embedded in soft agar 24633350
MCF7 Function Assay 0.05–20 μM 1 d reduces the clonal survival of MCF-7 cells in monolayer cultures 24633350
T47D  Function Assay 0.5 μM 4 d inhibits tumorsphere formation 24633350
MCF7 Function Assay 0.5–10 μM 48 h  inhibits the gap closure in the wound healing assay 24633350
MCF7 Function Assay 0/10 μM 24 h inhibits the activity of MMP9 24633350
MDA-MB-231  Function Assay 0.5–10 μM 36 h inhibits the migration 24633350
SKM1-S Antiproliferative assay 48 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human SKM1-S cells after 48 hrs by XTT assay, IC50 = 0.5 μM. 28094938
SKM1-S Antiproliferative assay 48 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human SKM1-S cells after 48 hrs by DAPI-staining-based flow cytometric method, EC50 = 0.51 μM. 28094938
A427 Antiproliferative assay 96 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human A427 cells after 96 hrs by crystal violet assay, IC50 = 0.63 μM. 18434163
KYSE70 Antiproliferative assay 96 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human KYSE70 cells after 96 hrs by crystal violet assay, IC50 = 1.59 μM. 18434163
5637 Antiproliferative assay 96 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human 5637 cells after 96 hrs by crystal violet assay, IC50 = 1.73 μM. 18434163
HT-29 Antiproliferative assay 96 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 3.8 μM. 2778449
P388 Antiproliferative assay 48 hrs Antiproliferative activity against mouse P388 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 5 μM. 2778449
MCF7 Antiproliferative assay 96 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 96 hrs by crystal violet assay, IC50 = 6.78 μM. 18434163
U373-MAGI Antiviral assay 25 to 400 uM 2 to 72 hrs Antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4-3 infected in human U373-MAGI cells assessed as reduction in gag level at 25 to 400 uM after 2 to 72 hrs by qPCR method 27117260
U373-MAGI Antiviral assay 25 to 400 uM 2 to 72 hrs Antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4-3 infected in human U373-MAGI cells assessed as reduction in U5-gag level at 25 to 400 uM after 2 to 72 hrs by qPCR method 27117260
L1210 Cytotoxicity assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as cessation of growth 69026
TC32 qHTS assay qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells 29435139
A673 qHTS assay qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells 29435139
BT-37 qHTS assay qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells 29435139
RD qHTS assay qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells 29435139
BT-12 qHTS assay qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells 29435139
NB1643 qHTS assay qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells 29435139
OHS-50 qHTS assay qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells 29435139
SK-N-MC qHTS assay qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells 29435139
SKM1-S Apoptosis assay 1 uM Induction of apoptosis in human SKM1-S cells assessed as caspase 3 cleavage at 1 uM by Western blot method 28094938
MCF7 Function assay 15 uM 72 hrs Inhibition of UHRF1 in human MCF7 cells assessed as decrease in methylation at RAR beta exon at 15 uM after 72 hrs by methylation specific-PCR method 27049577
Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Biological Activity

Description Azacitidine (5-Azacytidine, 5-AzaC, Ladakamycin, AZA, 5-Aza, CC-486,NSC 102816) is a nucleoside analogue of cytidine that specifically inhibits DNA methylation by trapping DNA methyltransferases. Azacitidine induces mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy.
Targets
DNA methyltransferase [1]
(Cell-free assay)
In vitro
In vitro

Azacitidine is widely used to demonstrate the correlation between loss of methylation in specifc gene regions and activation of the associated genes. After incorporation into DNA, Azacitidine inhibits DNA methyltransferase noncompetitively, causing a block in cytosine methylation in newly replicated DNA but not in resting, nondividing cells. [1] Azacitidine induces differentiation of Friend Erythroleukemia Cell C3H10T1/2 with myotube formation. [2] Azacitidine can be activated to the nucleoside triphosphate and incorporate into both DNA and RNA, leading to inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in normal eukaryotic cells and in cancer cell lines, which could finally leads to cell death. Azacitidine also inhibits the incorporation of purine metabolites into macromolecules. Azacitidine inhibits the L1210 cells growth with IC50 and of 0.019 μg/mL. [3]
Cell Research Cell lines Leukemia L1210 cell
Concentrations 0.15 μg/mL
Incubation Time 3 days
Method

5 mL of L1210 cells (5 × 103 cells/mL) are incubated with Azacitidine at 37 ℃ for 3 days. Cell number is determined twice a day for 3 days by means of a Model A Coulter counter.
Experimental Result Images Methods Biomarkers Images PMID
Western blot DNMT1 c-PARP / p-H2AX / H2AX 28210112
Immunofluorescence HMGB1 29097772
Growth inhibition assay Cell viability 28210112
In Vivo
In vivo

Azacitidine inhibits polynucleotide synthesis in leukemic BDF1 mice. [3] Azacitidine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) increases the mean survival time in leukemic BDF1 mice inoculated with Ll210 ascites tumor cells. Azacitidine markedly suppresses all enzymes activity in the polyamine-biosynthetic pathway, including ornithine decarboxylase activity. putrescine-dependent S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity, and spermidine-dependent S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity. Azacitidine also inhibits the accumulations of polyamines in leukemic mice. [4]
Animal Research Animal Models BDF1 mice bearing lymphoid leukemia L1210
Dosages 3 mg/kg
Administration Daily i.p. injection
NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT06159491 Not yet recruiting Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Douglas Tremblay|Sobi Inc.|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai January 2 2024 Phase 1|Phase 2
NCT06181734 Recruiting Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) iOMEDICO AG January 2024 --
NCT06022003 Not yet recruiting AML Adult|Refractory AML|Relapsed Adult AML|FLT3-TKD Mutation|FLT3-ITD French Innovative Leukemia Organisation|Acute Leukemia French Association December 15 2023 Phase 2
NCT06014489 Not yet recruiting AML Adult Stichting Hemato-Oncologie voor Volwassenen Nederland December 2023 Phase 2
NCT06180863 Withdrawn Acute Myeloid Leukemia Yale University|Bristol-Myers Squibb|National Cancer Institute (NCI) November 2023 Phase 2

Chemical lnformation & Solubility

Molecular Weight 244.2 Formula

C8H12N4O5
CAS No. 320-67-2 SDF Download Azacitidine (5-Azacytidine) SDF
Smiles C1=NC(=NC(=O)N1C2C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)N
Storage (From the date of receipt)

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 48 mg/mL ( (196.56 mM)； Moisture-absorbing DMSO reduces solubility. Please use fresh DMSO.)

Water : Insoluble

Ethanol : Insoluble


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In vivo
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Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Question 1:
Is the vehicle (30% Propylene glycol, 5% Tween 80, 65% D5W) for Azacitidine (Catalog No.S1782) safe for subcutaneous dosing?

Answer:
S1782 in 30% Propylene glycol+5% Tween 80+65% D5W at 30mg/ml is a suspension. If you are going to administrate this compound for oral gavage, it is fine. But if you administrate the drug via injection, you need a clear solution and S1782 can be dissolved in 5% DMSO+30% PEG 300+ddH2O at 10mg/ml clearly.

DNA Methyltransferase Signaling Pathway Map

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