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Rapamycin (Sirolimus)

Name: Rapamycin (Sirolimus)
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S1039
Rating: 5 (1745 reviews)

Synonyms: Rapamune, AY-22989, NSC-2260804

Catalog No.S1039 Purity: 99.30%

Rapamycin (Sirolimus) is a specific mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of ~0.1 nM HEK293 cells.Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1. Rapamycin is an autophagy activator and an immunosuppressant.

Rapamycin (Sirolimus) Chemical Structure

CAS: 53123-88-9

Selleck's Rapamycin (Sirolimus) has been cited by 1745 publications

Purity & Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.30%

99.30

Products often used together with Rapamycin (Sirolimus)

IKE(Imidazole ketone erastin)

Rapamycin and Imidazole ketone erastin induce cell death in ALL cell lines, resulting in a longer survival time for xenograft mice with ALL.

Zhu T, et al. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Nov 15;9:740884.

Olaparib (AZD2281)

Rapamycin and Olaparib combination synergistically inhibit cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, A549/H157/HCC1937/H522.

Osoegawa A, et al. Oncotarget. 2017 Jul 28;8(50):87044-87053

Oxaliplatin

Rapamycin and Oxaliplatin combination enhances the antitumor efficacy in A2780cis cells.

Liu J, et al. J Chemother. 2015;27(6):358-64.

Trametinib (GSK1120212)

Rapamycin and Trametinib combination enhances the antitumor activity in pediatric patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.

Li F, et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Sep 1;28(17):3836-3849.

MG132

Rapamycin and MG132 combination synergize the apoptotic and autophagic effects of curcumol in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Wang J, et al. Phytother Res. 2021 Dec;35(12):7004-7017.

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Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Formulation	Activity Description	PMID
COS7 cells expressing EGFP-LC3	Autophagy Assay	0.2 μM	24 h	DMSO	Induces autophagy	18391949
H4	Function Assay	0.2 μM	24 h	DMSO	Increases the ratio of light chain 3 subunit 2 to light chain 3 subunit 1 in human H4 cells	18024584
COS7 cells expressing EGFP-HDQ74/rheb	Autophagy Assay	0.2 μM	24 h	DMSO	Induces autophagy	18391949
PBMC	Function Assay	1 nM	14 d	DMSO	Reduces CCR5 density	17485501
HEK293T	Antiviral Assay	1 nM	4 d	DMSO	Induces antiviral activity against HIV1 X4 with EC50 of 0.3 nM	17485501
U87MG	Kinase Assay	1 μM	6 h	DMSO	Potently inhibits mTOR-mediated S6 phosphorylation	19848404
cells from the thymus of normal BALB/c mice	Growth Inhibition Assay	10 nM	72 h	DMSO	Inhibits lymphoproliferation (LAF) with IC50 of 3 nM	10021948
PC3	Growth Inhibition Assay	1.5 μM	1 h	DMSO	Induces antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells with IC50 of <10 nM	21978683
HT-29	Cytotoxic Assay	10 nM	72 h	DMSO	Potentiates digitoxin-induced cytotoxicity	24900873
Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells transfected with N-luc and C-luc	Function Assay	100 nM	4 h	DMSO	Induces luciferase protein trans-splicing in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells transfected with N-luc and C-luc	17128262
SYF	Function Assay	100 nM	24 h	DMSO	Induces FRB-FKBP complex interaction	17563385
HEK293	Function Assay	100 nM	8 h	DMSO	Inhibits TPA-induced degradation of Pdcd4 with EC50 of 50 nM	21539301
HeLa	Function Assay	100 nM	36 h	DMSO	Induces FRB K2095P, T2098L, W2101F mutant-ubiquitinC interaction	17563385
BT-20	Kinase Assay	20 μM		DMSO	Does not inhibit mTORC2 dependent pAkT S473 phosphorylation	21353551
PC3	Kinase Assay	100 nM	1 h	DMSO	Potently inhibits mTOR-mediated S6 phosphorylation with IC50 of <10 nM.	21978683
Human mixed lymphocyte	Growth Inhibition Assay	5 nM		DMSO	IC50=1.6 nM.	16185865
MCF-7	Autophagy Assay	30 nM	4 h	DMSO	Induces autophagy	20028134
Lewis rat lymph node cells	Growth Inhibition Assay	5 μM		DMSO	IC50=2.6 μM	16185865
HEK293 cells	Kinase Assay	50 nM	45 min	DMSO	Inhibits mTOR kinase activity with IC50 of 0.1 nM	17350953
U937	Antibacterial Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	Induces antibacterial activity against wild type Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia-1 JR32 in U937 cells	21142106
Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Biological Activity

Description

Targets

mTOR ^[1]
(HEK293 cells)

~0.1 nM

In vitro
In vitro	Rapamycin inhibits endogenous mTOR activity in HEK293 cells with IC50 of ~0.1 nM, more potently than iRap and AP21967 with IC50 of ~5 nM and ~10 nM, respectively. ^[1] In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rapamycin treatment induces a severe G1/S cell cycle arrest and inhibition of translation initiation to levels below 20% of control. ^[2] Rapamycin significantly inhibits the cell viability of T98G and U87-MG in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 2 nM and 1 μM, respectively, while displaying little activity against U373-MG cells with IC50 of >25 μM despite the similar extent of the inhibition of mTOR signaling. Rapamycin (100 nM) induces G1 arrest and autophagy but not apoptosis in Rapamycin-sensitive U87-MG and T98G cells by inhibiting the function of mTOR. ^[3]
Kinase Assay	Immunoblotting for the mTOR kinase assay
Kinase Assay	HEK293 cells are plated at 2-2.5×10⁵ cells/well of a 12-well plate and serum-starved for 24 hours in DMEM. Cells are treated with increasing concentrations of Rapamycin (0.05-50 nM) for 15 minutes at 37 °C. Serum is added to a final concentration of 20% for 30 minutes at 37 °C. Cells are lysed, and cell lysates are separated by SDS-PAGE. Resolved proteins are transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane and immunoblotted with a phosphospecific primary antibody against Thr-389 of p70 S6 kinase. Data are analyzed using ImageQuant and KaleidaGr
Cell Research	Cell lines	U87-MG, T98G, and U373-MG
	Concentrations	Dissolved in DMSO, final concentrations ~25 μM
	Incubation Time	72 hours
	Method	Cells are exposed to various concentrations of Rapamycin for 72 hours. For the assessment of cell viability, cells are collected by trypsinization, stained with trypan blue, and the viable cells in each well are counted. For the determination of cell cycle, cells are trypsinized, fixed with 70% ethanol, and stained with propidium iodide using a flow cytometry reagent set. Samples are analyzed for DNA content using a FACScan flow cytometer and CellQuest software. For apoptosis detection, cells are stained with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique using an ApopTag apoptosis detection kit. To detect the development of acidic vesicular organelles (AVO), cells are stained with acridine orange (1 μg/mL) for 15 minutes, and examined under a fluorescence microscope. To quantify the development of AVOs, cells are stained with acridine orange (1 μg/mL) for 15 minutes, removed from the plate with trypsin-EDTA, and analyzed using the FACScan flow cytometer and CellQuest software. To analyze the autophagic process, cells are incubated for 10 minutes with 0.05 mM monodansylcadaverine at 37 °C and are then observed under a fluorescence microscope.
Experimental Result Images	Methods	Biomarkers	Images	PMID
	Western blot	p-mTOR(S2448)/mTOR		23991038
	Growth inhibition assay	Cell proliferation		30393233
	Histomorphology	Haematoxylin & Eosin		28418837
	Immunofluorescence	NeuN p62/Beclin		28418837
	ELISA	Type III collagen/Fibronectin		23364979

In Vivo
In vivo	Treatment with Rapamycin in vivo specifically blocks targets known to be downstream of mTOR such as the phosphorylation and activation of p70S6K and the release of inhibition of eIF4E by PHAS-1/4E-BP1, leading to complete blockage of the hypertrophic increases in plantaris muscle weight and fibre size. ^[4] Short-term Rapamycin treatment, even at the lowest dose of 0.16 mg/kg, produces profound inhibition of p70S6K activity, which correlates with increased tumor cell death and necrosis of the Eker renal tumors. ^[5] Rapamycin inhibits metastatic tumor growth and angiogenesis in CT-26 xenograft models by reducing the production of VEGF and blockage of VEGF-induced endothelial cell signaling. ^[6] Rapamycin treatment at 4 mg/kg/day significantly reduces tumor growth of C6 xenografts, and tumor vascular permeability. ^[7]
Animal Research	Animal Models	Athymic Nu/Nu mice inoculated subcutaneously with VEGF-A-expressing C6 rat glioma cells
	Dosages	~4 mg/kg/day
	Administration	Injection i.p.

NCT Number	Recruitment	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
Clinical Trial Information (data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-01-11)
NCT06091332	Not yet recruiting	Cavernous Malformations\|Brain Stem Hemorrhage	Huashan Hospital	December 1 2023	Phase 2
NCT05997056	Recruiting	Neuroendocrine Tumors\|NET\|Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor\|Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor\|Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumor	Aadi Bioscience Inc.	December 30 2023	Phase 2
NCT06022068	Enrolling by invitation	Alzheimer Disease	Karolinska Institutet\|Karolinska University Hospital	September 1 2023	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT04989686	Recruiting	Immunosuppression	Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia\|Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)	June 8 2023	--
NCT05773326	Recruiting	High Grade Glioma\|Glioma\|Glioma Malignant\|Glioblastoma	Nader Sanai\|Barrow Neurological Institute\|Ivy Brain Tumor Center\|St. Joseph''s Hospital and Medical Center Phoenix	May 15 2023	Early Phase 1

References

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Chemical lnformation & Solubility

Molecular Weight	914.18	Formula	C₅₁H₇₉NO₁₃
CAS No.	53123-88-9	SDF	Download Rapamycin (Sirolimus) SDF
Smiles	CC1CCC2CC(C(=CC=CC=CC(CC(C(=O)C(C(C(=CC(C(=O)CC(OC(=O)C3CCCCN3C(=O)C(=O)C1(O2)O)C(C)CC4CCC(C(C4)OC)O)C)C)O)OC)C)C)C)OC
Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder	Storage of Stock Solutions Aliquot the stock solutions to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles	1 year-80°Cin solvent
Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder		1 month-20°Cin solvent

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL ( (109.38 mM)； Moisture-absorbing DMSO reduces solubility. Please use fresh DMSO.)

Ethanol : 100 mg/mL

Water : Insoluble

Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo Batch: Add solvents to the product individually and in order.					In vivo Formulation Calculator
	Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 Corn oil	5.0mg/ml (5.47mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 100 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.	In vivo Formulation Calculator
Clear solution	1% DMSO 1 40% PEG 300 2 5%Tween80 3 54% water	0.25mg/ml (0.27mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 10 μL of 25 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to make it clear; then continue adding 540 μL ddH2O and adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 95% Corn oil	5.0mg/ml (5.47mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 100 mg/mL clarified DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 40%PEG 300 2 5%Tween80 3 50% ddH2O	5.0mg/ml (5.47mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 100 mg/mL clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify; add 50 μL of Tween-80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; Then continue to add 500 μL ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.

Preparing Stock Solutions

Molarity Calculator

Mass	Concentration	Volume	Molecular Weight
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Dilution Calculator Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage: mg/kg Average weight of animals: g Dosing volume per animal:μL Number of animals:

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO + % + % Tween 80 + % ddH₂O

%DMSO+ %

Calculation results:

Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such
as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

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